بازقدرت‌یابی دونالد ترامپ و نشانه‌شناسی روندهای نوین سیاست‌خارجی آمریکا (با تأکید بر کشورهای چین، روسیه و ایران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار روابط بین الملل، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران.

چکیده

بازقدرت‌یابی دونالد ترامپ نشانه‌هایی‌ از روندهای ناظر بر «تغییر» سیاست‌خارجی آمریکا را بازتاب می‌دهد. با مفروض‌انگاری تمرکز سیاست‌خارجی ترامپ بر سه‌کشور در سه‌منطقه (روسیه در اوراسیا، ایران در آسیای‌ غربی و چین در آسیا- پاسیفیک) به این پرسش پرداخته می‌شود که نشانه‌های تغییر روند سیاست‌خارجی آمریکای ترامپ چه اهداف و راهبردی را در برخورد با کانون‌های جدید درگیری بازتاب می‌دهند؟ فرضیه آن‌است که تغییر روندهای سیاست‌خارجی آمریکای ترامپ نشانه‌هایی‌‌از راهبرد «مسئولیت‌سپاری امنیتی به متحدان منطقه‌ای (اروپایی)»، «حداکثرسازی فشارهای لایه‌بندی‌شده (ایران)» و «بازموازنه‌سازی (چین)» را منعکس می‌سازد تا به مدیریت سریع بحران (صلح ازطریق قدرت) در اروپا و آسیای ‌غربی و مدیریت زمان‌مند تهدید در آسیا- پاسیفیک بینجامد. هدف کاربردی مقاله آن است تا از رهگذر تبیین نظری سیاست‌خارجی ترامپ به دلالت‌های راهبردی در حو.زه سیاست‌خارجی ایران نائل آید. پشتوانه نظری مقاله را واقع‌گرایی نوکلاسیک تشکیل می‌دهد تا نشانه‌های تغییر در سیاست‌خارجی آمریکا برپایة متغیرها در دو سطح واحد و سیستم شناسایی شوند. در این ‌چارچوب، برمبنای رویکرد توصیفی- تحلیلی از روش مطالعه اسنادی استفاده می‌شود تا راهبرد نوین سیاست‌خارجی آمریکا براساس نشانه‌های رویدادی- روندی جاری تبیین شود. یافته‌ها حکایت‌ازآن دارند که آسیای ‌غربی و اروپا در سیاست‌خارجی ترامپ دیگر نه منافع حیاتی آمریکا بلکه منافع مهم آن تلقی می‌شوند و درمقابل آسیا-پاسفیک در حوزه منافع حیاتی آن جای گرفته و ازاین‌رو، راهبرد غایی ترامپ بازموازنه‌سازی دربرابر چین است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Re-Empowerment of Donald Trump and the Semiotics of Emerging Trends in U.S. Foreign Policy (with Emphasis on China, Russia, and Iran)

نویسنده [English]

  • Fatemeh Soleimani Pourlak
Assistant Professor of International Relations, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The re-empowerment of Donald Trump reflects signs of trends indicative of a “change” in U.S. foreign policy. Proceeding from the assumption that Trump’s foreign policy is concentrated on three countries in three regions—Russia in Eurasia, Iran in West Asia, and China in the Asia-Pacific—this article addresses the question of what goals and strategy the signs of change in Trump’s U.S. foreign policy reflect in confronting the new focal points of conflict. The hypothesis is that the changing trends in Trump’s foreign policy reflect signs of a strategy of “delegating security responsibilities to regional (European) allies,” “maximizing layered pressures (against Iran),” and “rebalancing (vis-à-vis China),” so as to bring about rapid crisis management (“peace through strength”) in Europe and West Asia, and temporally calibrated threat management in the Asia-Pacific. The applied objective of the article is to arrive at strategic implications for the sphere of Iran’s foreign policy through a theoretical explanation of Trump’s foreign policy. The theoretical foundation of the article is neoclassical realism, so that the signs of change in U.S. foreign policy may be identified on the basis of variables at both the unit and systemic levels. Within this framework, and based on a descriptive-analytical approach, the method of documentary study is employed in order to explain the new strategy of U.S. foreign policy on the basis of ongoing event-trend indicators. The findings suggest that, in Trump’s foreign policy, West Asia and Europe are no longer regarded as vital interests of the United States, but rather as important interests; by contrast, the Asia-Pacific has come to occupy the sphere of its vital interests. Accordingly, Trump’s ultimate strategy is one of rebalancing against China.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • United States
  • Iran
  • Trump
  • China
  • Russia
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دوره 5، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 4
شماره پیاپی 20- زمستان 1404
خرداد 1405
صفحه 40-70
  • تاریخ دریافت: 22 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 بهمن 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار: 18 خرداد 1405