ظهور فرهنگی چین در نظم بین المللی لیبرال: بازتاب های تهدیدمحور و مکتب مهار در سیاست ایالات متحده آمریکا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار روابط بین الملل، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد روابط بین الملل، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

چکیده

در پی گسترش رقابت راهبردی میان ایالات‌متحده آمریکا و جمهوری خلق چین، حوزه فرهنگ نیز به یکی از ابعاد مهم این مواجهه ژئوپلیتیک بدل شده است. مقاله حاضر با طرح این پرسش که راهبرد فرهنگی ایالات‌متحده در مواجهه با قدرت‌یابی فرهنگی چین پس از سال ۲۰۱۰ چگونه بازتعریف شده است؟ به بررسی تحول رویکرد ایالات‌متحده در قبال چین در سطح سیاست‌گذاری فرهنگی می‌پردازد. این مطالعه با بهره‌گیری از چارچوب نظری «موازنه تهدید» و روش مطالعه اسنادی مبتنی بر رویکرد  توصیفی- تبیینی مبتنی بر داده‌های کتابخانه‌ای و بهره‌گیری از محتوای سخنان و آثار نوشتاری  تلاش می‌کند تا نشان دهد که افزایش کنشگری فرهنگی چین- به‌ویژه در دوره رهبری شی جین‌پینگ- از طریق ابزارهایی چون دیپلماسی عمومی، مؤسسات کنفوسیوس و بازنمایی تمدن چینی، منجر به شکل‌گیری ادراک تهدید نزد نخبگان تصمیم‌ساز در ایالات‌متحده شده است. یافته‌های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که چین در گفتمان رسمی و عملکردی خود، بیش از پیش به سوس بازتعریف نظم بین‌الملل، احیای تمدن چینی و تضعیف ساختارهای هنجاری مبتنی بر لیبرالیسم حرکت کرده است. این تحول ادراکی به بازآرایی راهبرد فرهنگی آمریکا در قالب محدودسازی نهادهای فرهنگی چین، تقویت دیپلماسی عمومی و ترویج ارزش‌های آمریکایی انجامیده است؛ راهبردی که درصدد حفظ موقعیت هنجاری ایالات‌متحده در نظم بین‌الملل معاصر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

China’s Cultural Rise in the Liberal International Order: Threat-Oriented Reflections and the School of Containment in United States Policy

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fariborz Arghavani Pirsalami 1
  • Arezou Mahmoudi Baram 2
1 Corresponding author: Associate Professor of International Relations, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 M.A. Graduate in International Relations, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

With the expansion of strategic competition between the United States and the People’s Republic of China, culture has also emerged as an important dimension of this geopolitical confrontation. By posing the question of how U.S. cultural strategy has been redefined in response to China’s growing cultural power since 2010, this article examines the transformation of the United States’ approach toward China at the level of cultural policymaking. Drawing on the theoretical framework of the “balance of threat” and employing documentary research within a descriptive-explanatory approach based on library data, as well as the content of speeches and written works, the study seeks to demonstrate that China’s increasing cultural activism, particularly under the leadership of Xi Jinping, through such instruments as public diplomacy, Confucius Institutes, and representations of Chinese civilization, has contributed to the formation of a perception of threat among decision-making elites in the United States. The findings indicate that, in both its official discourse and practical conduct, China has increasingly moved toward redefining the international order, reviving Chinese civilization, and weakening normative structures grounded in liberalism. This perceptual shift has led to the reconfiguration of U.S. cultural strategy in the form of restricting Chinese cultural institutions, strengthening public diplomacy, and promoting American values; a strategy aimed at preserving the United States’ normative position in the contemporary international order.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • soft power
  • foreign policy
  • balance of threat
  • school of containment
  • United States of America
  • People’s Republic of China
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دوره 5، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 4
شماره پیاپی 20- زمستان 1404
خرداد 1405
صفحه 122-158
  • تاریخ دریافت: 05 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 01 فروردین 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 فروردین 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار: 29 خرداد 1405