نقش جنبش تی‌پارتی در شکل‌دهی به گفتمان و رفتار خارجی ایالات متحده در قبال جمهوری اسلامی ایران (2025-2009)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه مطالعات ایران و جهان، دانشکده مطالعات جهان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در دهه‌های اخیر، سیاست خارجی ایالات متحده به طور فزاینده‌ای تحت تأثیر بازیگران غیردولتی و نیروهای سیاسی نوظهور قرار گرفته است. این مقاله به بررسی نقش جنبش تی‌پارتی در شکل‌دهی به گفتمان و رفتار خارجی آمریکا بر علیه جمهوری اسلامی ایران می‌پردازد. این جنبش، به عنوان تجلی بنیادگرایی سیاسی راست‌گرا در آمریکا، از طریق شبکه‌ای از سیاستمداران، نهادهای رسانه‌ای، اتاق‌های فکر و حامیان مالی توانست گفتمان حزب جمهوری‌خواه را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. یکی از پیامدهای اصلی این تأثیرگذاری، تشدید بی‌اعتمادی به دیپلماسی چندجانبه و توافق‌نامه‌های هسته‌ای بود که در مخالفت شدید تی‌پارتی با برجام و حمایت فعال آن از راهبرد فشار حداکثری دولت ترامپ علیه ایران نمود یافت. این مطالعه، با بهره‌گیری از نظریه رئالیسم نئوکلاسیک و گفتمان امنیتی، نشان می‌دهد که تی‌پارتی نه تنها به تشدید خصومت آمریکا با ایران کمک کرد، بلکه با تأثیرگذاری بر انتخاب سیاستمداران و نهادهای تصمیم‌گیر، در جهت‌دهی به فرآیندهای سیاست‌گذاری خارجی نقش محوری ایفا نمود. این تحقیق از روش کیفی فرآیند ردیابی بهره می‌برد. یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که بنیادگرایی سیاسی داخلی می‌تواند به تقویت سیاست خارجی تهاجمی، کاهش ظرفیت دیپلماسی و تغییر اولویت‌های ژئوپلیتیکی منجر شود. این مطالعه موردی بر ضرورت شناخت بازیگران داخلی نوظهور و فهم گفتمان‌های شکل‌دهنده به افکار عمومی و ساختار حزبی برای تحلیل جامع رفتار خارجی دولت‌ها تأکید می‌کند. هدف این مقاله، ارائه فهمی عمیق‌تر از پیوندهای پیچیده بین سیاست داخلی و خارجی در نظام سیاسی ایالات متحده است؛ پیوندهایی که در مورد ایران، هم بر تاکتیک‌ها و هم بر چارچوب‌های مفهومی نگرش آمریکا تأثیرگذار بوده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of the Tea Party Movement in Shaping the Discourse and Foreign Policy Behavior of the United States toward the Islamic Republic of Iran (2009–2025)

نویسنده [English]

  • Ali Nematpour
Assistant Professor, Department of Iran and World Studies, Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In recent decades, United States foreign policy has increasingly been influenced by non-state actors and emerging political forces. This article examines the role of the Tea Party movement in shaping U.S. foreign policy discourse and behavior toward the Islamic Republic of Iran. As a manifestation of right-wing political fundamentalism in the United States, the Tea Party was able—through a network of politicians, media institutions, think tanks, and financial backers—to exert significant influence over Republican Party discourse. One of the principal consequences of this influence was the intensification of skepticism toward multilateral diplomacy and nuclear agreements, which was reflected in the Tea Party’s strong opposition to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and its active support for the Trump administration’s “maximum pressure” strategy against Iran. Drawing on neoclassical realism and security discourse analysis, this study demonstrates that the Tea Party not only contributed to the escalation of U.S. hostility toward Iran, but also played a central role in shaping foreign policymaking processes by influencing the selection of policymakers and decision-making institutions. This research employs the qualitative method of process tracing. The findings indicate that domestic political fundamentalism can lead to the reinforcement of aggressive foreign policy orientations, the erosion of diplomatic capacity, and shifts in geopolitical priorities. This case study underscores the necessity of identifying emerging domestic actors and understanding the discourses that shape public opinion and party structures in order to achieve a comprehensive analysis of states’ external behavior. The objective of this article is to provide a deeper understanding of the complex linkages between domestic and foreign policy within the U.S. political system—linkages that, in the case of Iran, have affected both tactical approaches and the broader conceptual frameworks underlying U.S. perceptions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • United States Foreign Policy
  • Tea Party Movement
  • Political Fundamentalism
  • Securitization of Iran
  • Crisis Diplomacy

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