الگوی رفتاری ایران، روسیه و چین در گذار به نظم جهانی چند قطبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانش‌آموخته دکترای روابط بین‌الملل، گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

چکیده

پس از پایان جنگ سرد مرحله گذار از نظام دو قطبی به تک‌قطبی به وجود آمد. نظامی که در آن آمریکا به قدرت بلامنازع نظامی و اقتصادی در جهان تبدیل شد. در این میان، سه کشور ایران، روسیه و چین خواهان بازتوزیع قدرت در صفحه شطرنج نظام بین‌الملل بوده و حاضر به پیروی از اصول رهبری آمریکا در مناسبات منطقه‌ای و جهانی نیستند. این سه بازیگر استراتژیک اوراسیایی، تنها نظاره‌گر مانور و نمایش قدرت آمریکا در همه زمینه‌ها نخواهند بود و با صف‌آرایی آن‌ها در مقابل آمریکا و تقویت محور ضد نظام سلطه، هژمونی واشینگتن در سطح جهانی در معرض تهدید و فروریزی قرار گرفته است. این مسأله می‌تواند جهان را از حالت تک‌قطبی خارج و به سمت چندقطبی سوق دهد و در نتیجه به سقوط و فروپاشی جایگاه هژمونی آمریکا در جهان کمک نماید. لذا سؤال اصلی پژوهش این است که سه کشور ایران، روسیه و چین در گذار به نظم جهانی چندقطبی چه سیاست‌هایی را اتخاذ کرده‌اند؟ نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که سه کشور ایران، روسیه و چین، قدرت‌های در حال ظهور جهان هستند که با به قدرت رسیدن آن­ها در صحنه جهانی، معادله و نظم جدیدی در جهان شکل گرفته که تفکر آمریکایی را با چالش بزرگ مواجه نموده است. تضعیف نظم جهانی آمریکامحور، ضمن بر هم زدن جدول محاسبات بازیگر هژمون، زمینه گذار از نظم تک­‌قطبی به نظم چندقطبی در عرصه بین‌الملل را فراهم خواهد نمود که این امر به باز توزیع قدرت در سبد نظم جهانی و در نهایت، تقویت اهرم‌­های دیپلماتیک تهران، مسکو و پکن و ارتقای جایگاه منطقه‌­ای و بین‌­المللی آن‌­ها منجر خواهد شد. این پژوهش با رویکرد توصیفی- تحلیلی و با بهره‌گیری از روش مطالعه اسنادی انجام شده و شیوه گردآوری اطلاعات نیز مبتنی بر منابع کتابخانه‌ای و اینترنتی بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Behavioral Pattern of Iran, Russia, and China in the Transition to a Multipolar Global Order

نویسنده [English]

  • hamid dorj
PhD in International Relations, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Following the end of the Cold War, a transitional phase from a bipolar system to a unipolar order emerged—an order in which the United States became the unrivaled military and economic power in the international system. In this context, Iran, Russia, and China have sought a redistribution of power within the international system and have been unwilling to adhere to the principles of U.S. leadership in regional and global affairs. These three Eurasian strategic actors have not remained passive observers of U.S. power projection across multiple domains; rather, through strategic alignment against the United States and the consolidation of a counter-hegemonic axis, Washington’s global hegemony has been increasingly challenged and eroded. This dynamic may shift the international system away from unipolarity toward multipolarity and, consequently, contribute to the decline of U.S. hegemonic status in global politics. Accordingly, the central research question is: what policies have Iran, Russia, and China adopted in the transition toward a multipolar global order? The findings indicate that Iran, Russia, and China constitute emerging powers whose ascent on the global stage has given rise to a new configuration of international order that fundamentally challenges the U.S.-centric strategic paradigm. The weakening of the American-centered global order, while disrupting the strategic calculus of the hegemonic actor, facilitates the transition from a unipolar to a multipolar order in international politics. This process enables a redistribution of power within the global order and ultimately strengthens the diplomatic leverage of Tehran, Moscow, and Beijing, while enhancing their regional and international standing. This study employs a descriptive–analytical approach and relies on documentary research methods, drawing on library-based and online sources.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Iran
  • Russia
  • China
  • United States of America
  • Multipolar Global Order

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