جنگ تجاری آمریکا با چین و پیامدهای آن بر نظم تجاری بین‌المللی 2025-2017

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه روابط بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری روابط بین الملل، گروه روابط بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه روابط بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

جنگ تجاری میان ایالات‌متحده و چین در فاصله سال‌های ۲۰۱۷ تا ۲۰۲۵، به یکی از چالش‌برانگیزترین تحولات در نظم تجاری بین‌المللی بدل شده است؛ تحولی که با اتخاذ سیاست‌های حمایت‌گرایانه از سوی آمریکا شدت یافته و ابعاد اقتصادی، فناورانه و نهادی گسترده‌ای پیدا کرده است. مقاله حاضر می‌کوشد با تمرکز بر این ابعاد، به این پرسش پاسخ دهد که اقدامات ایالات‌متحده در توسل به جنگ تجاری با چین در سال‌های ۲۰۱۷ تا ۲۰۲۵، چگونه بر نظم تجاری چندجانبه بین‌المللی تأثیر گذاشته است؟ فرضیه تحقیق که مبتنی بر رویکرد توصیفی-تحلیلی و با روش مطالعه اسنادی انجام شده، این است که ایالات‌متحده در سال‌های 2017 تا 2025، به عنوان هژمون در حال ستیز با نظم خویش، از طریق پیگیری رویکرد رقابتی با چین در عرصه تجارت جهانی، سبب تقویت رویه‌های حمایت‌گرایانه در قبال رویه‌های همکاری‌جویانه در نظم تجارت جهانی شده و بنیادهای نظم لیبرال چندجانبه را تضعیف کرده است. در همین راستا، یافته مقاله نشان می‌دهد که رقابت تجاری و فناورانه آمریکا با چین نه یک پروژه مقطعی، بلکه روندی ساختاری و پایدار است که حتی با تغییر دولت‌ها نیز استمرار یافته و موجب قطبی‌شدن بازار جهانی، تضعیف نهادهای چندجانبه، و بازآرایی زنجیره‌های تأمین خواهد شد. این تحولات برای سایر کشورها از جمله ایران، هم فرصت‌زا و هم تهدیدآمیز است؛ فرصت‌هایی که بهره‌برداری از آن‌ها مستلزم سیاست‌گذاری فعال، تنوع تجاری، و ارتقاء توانمندی فناورانه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The U.S.–China Trade War and Its Implications for the International Trade Order (2017–2025)

نویسندگان [English]

  • saeed Mirtorabi 1
  • Mahmoud Bayat 2
  • Arsalan Ghorbani sheikh neshin 3
  • SeyedAli Monavari 1
1 Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
2 PhD student in International Relations, Department of International Relations, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of International Relations, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The trade war between the United States and China during the period 2017–2025 has emerged as one of the most challenging developments in the international trade order. This development has intensified with the adoption of protectionist policies by the United States and has acquired broad economic, technological, and institutional dimensions. Focusing on these dimensions, the present article seeks to answer the following question: how have U.S. actions in resorting to a trade war with China between 2017 and 2025 affected the multilateral international trade order? The research hypothesis, formulated within a descriptive–analytical framework and examined through documentary research methods, holds that during the period 2017–2025 the United States—acting as a hegemon in contention with the very order it established—has, by pursuing a competitive approach toward China in global trade, reinforced protectionist practices over cooperative mechanisms within the global trading system and weakened the foundations of the liberal multilateral order. In this regard, the findings indicate that U.S.–China trade and technological competition is not a temporary or episodic project, but rather a structural and enduring process that has persisted despite changes in administrations. This competition has contributed to the polarization of the global market, the weakening of multilateral institutions, and the reconfiguration of global supply chains. These developments present both opportunities and challenges for other countries, including Iran. Capitalizing on these opportunities requires proactive policymaking, trade diversification, and the enhancement of technological capabilities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • United States
  • China
  • Trade War
  • International Trade Order
  • Cooperation
  • Competition

Smiley face

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مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا
دوره 5، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 19
شماره پیاپی 19- پاییز 1404
دی 1404
صفحه 37-69

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 18 آبان 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 12 آذر 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 دی 1404

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