تحلیل ژئوپلیتیکی مناسبات ایران و ایالات متحده آمریکا: تعامل تاریخ، بازیگران، استراتژی‌ها و منابع قدرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

پژوهشگر پسادکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مناسبات ژئوپلیتیکی میان ایران و ایالات متحده آمریکا طی بیش از یک قرن، تحت‌تأثیر تعاملات پیچیده‌ای از تاریخچه روابط دوجانبه، نقش‌آفرینی بازیگران داخلی و خارجی، استراتژی‌های اتخاذ شده و بهره‌برداری از منابع جغرافیای قدرت شکل‌گرفته‌اند. در همین راستا، پرسش محوری تحقیق حاضر آن است که: مناسبات ژئوپلیتیکی ایران و ایالات متحده آمریکا در بستر رقابت‌های منطقه‌ای و بین‌المللی چگونه شکل گرفته، چه عواملی در تحولات آن مؤثر بوده‌اند، و این مناسبات بر اساس چه الگوهایی قابل تحلیل هستند؟ تحقیق حاضر با رویکردی تحلیلی و تاریخی، به بررسی پیوسته این چهار بعد پرداخته و نشان می‌دهد که مناسبات ایران و آمریکا به طور مستمر در مسیر نوسان میان همگرایی و تقابل قرار داشته‌اند. یافته‌های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که منابعی چون موقعیت جغرافیایی استراتژیک، نفت، ظرفیت‌های فناورانه، و توانمندی‌های دیپلماتیک، نقشی اساسی در تعیین الگوهای رفتاری دو کشور ایفا کرده‌اند. تحولات داخلی ایران، ظهور بازیگران منطقه‌ای چون رژیم صهیونیستی و عربستان سعودی، و تغییرات در ساختار نظم بین‌المللی نیز به‌شدت در جهت‌گیری استراتژیک این مناسبات مؤثر بوده‌اند. بر مبنای این تحلیل، چهار راهبرد کلیدی شامل دیپلماسی هدفمند منطقه‌ای، همکاری‌های محدود با شرکای استراتژیک، تقویت توان داخلی فناورانه، و توسعه دیپلماسی نرم، به‌عنوان چارچوب‌هایی برای مدیریت آینده مناسبات ایران و ایالات متحده پیشنهاد شده‌اند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که تنها از طریق شناخت دقیق منابع قدرت و تنظیم انعطاف‌پذیر استراتژی‌ها می‌توان مسیر مناسبات را از الگوی تقابل به سمت همکاری مدیریت کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Geopolitical Analysis of Iran–United States Relations:The Interaction of History, Actors, Strategies, and Sources of Power

نویسنده [English]

  • sajed bahramijaf
Postdoctoral Researcher in Political Geography, Department of Political Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Hybrid warfare, as one of the most frequently utilized concepts in the international system, holds considerable significance in the foreign policy of states. Today, most countries-particularly major powers such as the United States-seek to exploit this concept to the fullest extent in pursuit of their national interests. In this regard, it is essential to thoroughly examine how states (especially great powers) conceptualize and understand this notion. Accordingly, explaining hybrid warfare from the perspective of U.S. strategic documents-as the leading power in the current international order-holds special importance for the Islamic Republic of Iran. The primary aim of this study is to uncover and explain how American policymakers perceive the concept of hybrid warfare. This research is applied in nature and has been conducted using an exploratory-inductive method, with a sample size of 30 individuals. Based on the findings, the United States possesses the highest levels of military, economic, political, media, security, and cyber capabilities. These strengths have significantly enhanced Washington’s capacity and initiative in countering hybrid threats and implementing counter-hybrid measures. According to the results of the study, American policymakers understand hybrid warfare as a form of conflict in which a broad spectrum of overt and covert military, paramilitary, and non-military actions are employed within a highly integrated and coordinated design. The attacking state attempts to influence key policymakers and decision-makers in the target country by combining kinetic operations with subversive efforts. One of the key features of this type of warfare, in their view, is its covert nature-designed specifically to prevent attribution and the possibility of retaliation against the aggressor state.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hybrid warfare
  • hybrid threats
  • United States
  • international system
  • hybrid capabilities

Smiley face

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مطالعات راهبردی آمریکا
دوره 5، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 19
شماره پیاپی 19- پاییز 1404
دی 1404
صفحه 189-221

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 20 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 09 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 26 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 دی 1404

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