بررسی و تحلیل برخی از مهم‌ترین شاخص‌های سیستم قضایی ایالات‌متحده آمریکا طی سال‌های 2008 تا 2022

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد مطالعات منطقه ای- گرایش آمریکای شمالی، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین(ع)، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار حقوق، دانشکده فرهنگی اجتماعی، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین(ع)، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

سیستم قضائی آمریکا به لحاظ لزوم تحولّات و اصلاحات، سال‌ها در معرض توجه بوده است که بر حسب شاخص‌ها معیارهای مدنظردر این زمینه مانند نرخ زندانیان، حقوق بشر زندانیان، عملکرد پلیس، بزهکاری نوجوانان، محکومین اشتباهی، استقلال دیوان عالی و تورّم قوانین کیفری) ارزیابی ‌می‌شود.جامعه‌نخبگانی ایران نیز برای تحلیل بهتر وضعیت تمدنّی و داشتن تصویر کلان واقعی نسبت به نظام مسائل اجتماعی- سیاسی آمریکا، ضرورتاً باید شناخت و احاطه وافری در این خصوص داشته باشد؛ لذا در پژوهش پیش رو بر حسب شاخص‌های مطروح در محافل و اندیشکده­های تخصصی آمریکایی با روش مطالعه اسنادی و گردآوری داده­های کتابخانه­ای سعی می­شود شاخص‌های مذکور در یک بازه زمانی مشخص توصیف و تحلیل شود. پرسش اصلی پژوهش نیز این است که وضعیت بخشی از مهم‌ترین شاخص‌های قضایی آمریکا از سال 2008 تا 2022م چگونه بوده است؟ در این پژوهش مشخص شد نرخ زندانیان به صورت کلی روندی کاهشی داشته، حقوق بشر زندانیان همچنان به لحاظ رسیدگی و رفع نظام نیاز‌های زندانیان دچار نقص‌ها و معایبی می‌باشد.عملکرد پلیس در کاهش نرخ جرم و جنایت موفق ارزیابی شده و میزان دستگیری‌ها کمتر شده است درحالی که اعتماد عمومی به این نهاد کاهش یافته و میزان خشونت رفتاری و کشتار توسط پلیس نیز تصاعدی بوده است. میزان بزهکاری نوجوانان کاهش یافته، تعداد محکومیت‌های اشتباهی بیشتر از حد اتفاق افتاده، عملکرد سیاسی دیوان عالی نیز بیشتر نمود یافته و در نهایت جرم زدایی‌ها در بسیاری از ایالت‌ها جریان پیدا کرده است.

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