تحلیل نقش آمریکا در رقابت تسلیحاتی کشورهای غرب آسیا (2000 تا 2020)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول: دانشیار، گروه روابط بین‌الملل، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

فرآیند رقابت تسلیحاتی در میان کشورهای منطقه غرب آسیا در دو دهه اخیر شدت بیشتری یافته است، تا آنجا که بخش اعظم درآمدهای اقتصادی کشورهای این منطقه، صرف هزینه‌های دفاعی و خریدهای تسلیحاتی شده است؛ اما در این رقابت، آمریکا نقش بارز و مهم‌تری نسبت به دیگر قدرت‌های جهانی در این منطقه ایفا کرده است. سؤالی مهمی که در ارتباط با این فرآیند مطرح می‌شود این است که علت نقش برجسته آمریکا در افزایش رقابت تسلیحاتی کشورهای غرب آسیا چه بوده است؟ نتایج نشان می‌دهد که آمریکا به‌عنوان یک قدرت سرکرده و هژمون، تجارت اسلحه در غرب آسیا را در اهداف داخلی، منطقه‌ای و جهانی تعریف کرده است و علل بروز نقش برجسته آمریکا می‌تواند در سطح داخلی ناشی از رونق بخشیدن به اقتصاد و صنعت تسلیحاتی و در سطح منطقه‌ای ناشی از افزایش قدرت بازدارندگی کشورهای غرب آسیا که متحد آمریکا در برابر ایران هستند، توجیه حضور خود در غرب آسیا برای کسب هژمون منطقه‌ای، شکل دادن به نظم موردنظر خود برای تسلط بر منطقه و مبارزه با تروریسم را شامل می‌شود و در سطح بین‌المللی حفظ و ارتقای هژمونی خود در رقابت با قدرت‌های بزرگ است. چارچوب نظری مقاله حاضر، بر مبنای نظریه نوواقع‌گرایی و مفاهیم اقتصاد دفاعی طراحی شده است و با استفاده از روش کتابخانه‌ای، داده‌ها را جمع‌آوری نموده و با رویکرد توصیفی- تحلیلی به تحلیل آن‌ها پرداخته است.

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